Two-cycle engine lubricating composition



United States Patent 3,235,494 TWO-CYCLE ENGINE LUBRICATING COMPDSITIONJoseph H. Piatt, Oakmont, and Charles E. Trautman,

Cheswick, Pa, assignors to Gulf Research 81 Development Company,Pittsburgh, Pa, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Apr. 25,1963, Ser. No. 275,533

6 Claims. (Cl. 25233) This invention relates to the lubrication oftwo-cycle engines, and more particularly to lubricating compositionshaving characteristics which suit them for use in the lubrication oftwo-cycle gasoline engines.

Two-cycle gasoline engines are becoming increasingly popular, theirchief use being to power small electric generators, lawn mowers,cultivators, chain saws, marine outboard motors, and the like. The chiefidentifying characteristic of a two-cycle gasoline engine is the absenceof an independent engine lubricating system. Lubrication of a two-cyclegasoline engine is accomplished by employing an oil-gasoline mixturewhich functions not only as a lubricant but also as a fuel for theengine.

Inasmuch as the lubricating oil is admixed with the gasoline to form anoil-gasoline mixture for use in a twocycle engine, the lubricating oilmust be one which when admixed with the gasoline does not adverselyaffect the operation of the engine. Thus, for example, the oil-gasolinemixture should give prolonged performance Without giving rise to sparkplug fouling, ring sticking, excessive combustion chamber deposits,piston or cylinder wall scufiing, scuffing or spalling of bearings,rusting or corrosion of engine parts, preignition, and the like. Whilethe enumerated undesirable characteristics can result from the gasolinecomponent of the oil-gasoline mixture, they also can result from thelubricating oil component of the mixture. For example, in some instancesexcessive combustion chamber deposits, spark plug fouling andpreignition can be traced to the gasoline, particularly, if the gasolineis leaded. For this reason, some manufacturers of two-cycle engines haverecommended the use of unleaded gasoline. In other instances, combustionchamber deposits, spark plug fouling, corrosion, scufling and/orspalling of bearings can be traced to the lubricating oil, particularlyif the lubricating oil contains additives. For this reason, somemanufacturers of two-cycle engines have recommended the use of straightpetroleum oils containing no additives. Uncompounded petroleum oils,however, do not satisfy all the requirements in lubricating twocycleengines.

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for use inthe lubrication of a two-cycle gasoline engine, said lubricating oilcomposition, when added either to a leaded or unleaded gasoline, givingincreased spark plug life, minimum ring sticking, a cleaner combustionchamber, less scufiing or spalling of bearings and cylinder Walls, lessengine corrosion, and freedom from rusting and preignition.

According to the present invention, a lubricating composition for atwo-cycle gasoline engine consists essentially of a major amount of amineral lubricating oil and minor amounts of (1) a highly basicoil-dispersible magnesium complex and (2) an ester having from 12 to 30carbon atoms in the molecule formed from an aliphatic monohydric alcoholhaving from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and a fatty acid having from to 24carbon atoms.

The mineral lubricating oil employed in the composition of the inventionis advantageously a highly refined parafiinic oil. By the term highlyrefined parafiinic oil, we mean a petroleum lubricating oil which hasbeen refined by one of the more drastic refining methods known in theart, for example, by conventional aluminum chloice ride refining or bysolvent extraction adapted to remove all or substantially all of theunstable constituents of the oil. An aluminum chloride refined and/ or asolvent extracted parafiinic base oil, such as Pennsylvania oil,provides an excellent base oil for the composition of the invention.However, drastically refined Mid-Continent and Gulf Coastal oils canalso be used.

In order to provide a two-cycle engine lubricating composition havingmaximum lubricating characteristics, we preferably employ a blend ofoils as the lubricating oil base. A particularly effective lubricatingoil base for use in the composition of the invention is a blend of oilsconsisting essentially of a major proportion of a parafiinic mineral oildistillate having a viscosity of about 400 to about 500 SUS at 100 F.and a minor proportion of a bright stock having a viscosity of about2500 to about 4500 SUS at 100 F. The amounts of the paraflinic mineraloil distillate and the bright stock are adjusted so that the viscosityof the lubricating oil blend is about 600 to about 800 SUS at 100 F. Ingeneral, the blend comprises about 65 to about percent by weight of theless viscous mineral oil distillate and about 15 to about 35 percent byweight of the more viscous bright stock. Bright stock is obtained bydewaxing and clay treating the residue remaining after vacuum distillinga mineral oil. The lubricating oil base comprises about 92 to about 99percent by weight of the lubricating composition of the invention.

The highly basic oil-dispersible magnesium complex which is employed inthe composition of the invention is characterized in that it is highlybasic and possesses a total base number of about 100 to about 400.Highly basic complexes having a total base number of about 250 to about350 are preferred. The total base number (TBN) is determined by standardpotentiometric methods in accordance with ASTM test method D664.Moreover, the magnesium content of the additive is significantly greaterthan that produced by the presence of magnesium chemically combined asmagnesium sulfonate. Generally, the additives contain an amount ofmagnesium which is from about 5 to 20 times greater than that producedby the presence of magnesium chemically combined as neutral magnesiumsulfonate. The magnesium additive is usually prepared in the form of aconcentrate in a mineral oil. A typical inspection of such a concentratesuitable for use in the invention is as follows:

Magnesium sulfonate percent 30.6 Magesium do 7.53 Carbon dioxide do10.20 Specific gravity 1.10 Pour point, F. +10 Base number ASTM D664 301Sulfated ash ASTM D8l0 38.1

*Equivalent to 10.8 times the amount of magnesium chemically combined asneutral magnesium sulfonate based on sulfonic acid present.

Inasmuch as highly basic magnesium complexes are available commcrcially,the complexes, per se, do not constitute a portion of the invention.

The highly basic magnesium complexes can be prepared according to any ofthe methods known in the art. These complexes, for example, can beprepared by treating a conventional magnesium sulfion-ate with magnesiaand carbon dioxide. According to one method which is described in U.S.Patent No. 2,895,913 which issued on July 21, 1959, to R. L. Carlyle andE. F. Morris, a basic magnesium complex is prepared by (a) reactingmagnesinm with an excess of an alkanol containing less than six carbonatoms to form an alkanol insoluble magnesium alkoxide; (b) forming analkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex by passingcarbon dioxide through the magnesium alkoxide-alk-anol mixture until thesame is acid to alpha-naphthol benzein indicator; reacting an excess ofthe alkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex with anoil-soluble organic sulfonate in a hydrocarbon oil reaction medium andin the presence of sufficient water to form a homogeneous system.Alternately, the corresponding sulfonic acids can be employed in placeof the oil-soluble sulfonate for reaction with the magnesiumalkoxide-carbon dioxide complex; (d) condensing from said homogeneoussystem an oil insoluble magnesium compound in particles the diameter ofwhich are less than 0.25 micron by heating said system whereby saidalkanol is removed and said complex is decomposed.

The above steps (b) and (c) may be interchanged if desired, in whichcase the reaction mixture of magnesium and alkanol may be reacted withthe oil-soluble sulfonate and the reaction mixture treated with carbondioxide.

The oil-soluble sulfonates (or the corresponding sulfonic acids) whichare reacted with the magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex includethe salts of the wellknown petroleum mahogany SllllfOI'llC acids whichare usually produced by the sulfonation of petroleum lubricating oildistillates with concentrated to fuming sulfuric acid, and whichmahogany acids remain in the oil after settling out the acid sludge.These sulfonic acids may be represented by the formula: RSO H, wherein Ris usually a naphthenyl, alkylnaphthenyl, alkaryl or naphthenylarylradical of a weight such that RSO H generally has a molecular weight offrom about 350 to 1000. Instead of the petroleum mahogany acids,synthetic oil-soluble alkyl or alkaryl sulfonates can be employed. Thealkyl sulfonates require about 24 carbon atoms for oil-solubility,whereas, the alkaryl sulfonates require an alkyl portion containing onlyabout 18 carbon atoms. Suitable oil-soluble synthetic sulfonatesinclude: monoalkyl benzene, and dialkyl benzene sulfonates such asdodecylbenzene sul-fonate, polydodecylbenzene sulfonates, diwax benzenesulfonates, diwaxtoluene sulfonates, monoand poly-substituted waxnaphthalene sulfonates, monoand poly-wax substituted cyclo-hexylsulfonates and the like.

The oil-dispersible magnesium complex disclosed herein is employed in anamount sufficient to confer improved engine cleanliness properties tothe resulting composition. Thus, the specific amount of the magnesiumcomplex to be employed may vary with the severity of the lubricatingservices required. For example, when lubricating twocycle enginesoperating on fuels containing tetraethyl lead or similaroctane-improving agent, the amount of magnesium complex may be more thanthat required when the fuel is unleaded. In general, however, themagnesium complex is employed in amounts of about 0.5 to about 3 percentby weight based on the weight of the lubricating composition.

The esters employed in the composition of the invention are preferablythose formed from fatty acids having from about to about 24 carbon atomsand aliphatic monohydric alcohols having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms ormore. The alcohols and acids are selected to produce esters having from12 to 30 carbon atoms in the molecule. Fatty acids having from about 10to 24 carbon atoms are prevalent, chiefly in the form of glycerylesters, in animal and vagetable fats and oils such as lard, lard oil,tallow, palm oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, etc. The principal acidsof such fats and oils are palmitic, stearic and oleic but also includedare acids such as lauric, myristic, arachidic, palmitoleic, linoleic,linolenic, and the like. The compositions of the invention can containan ester of any of such acids or any mixture of esters of such acids.Preferably, mixtures of the esters of the acids obtainable from naturalfats or oils are employed. A commercial mixture of esters of this typewhich can be used in compositions of the invention is known as methyllardate.

This mixture comprises the methyl esters of the fatty acids derivablefrom lard and lard oil.

In addition to the above esters, we can employ sperm oil or esters ofsperm oil. Sperm oil is composed principally of fatty acid esters ofmonohydric alcohols of relatively high molecular Weight, i.e.,tetradecanol, hexadecanol and octadecanol, and, being a mono-ester,sperm oil is a liquid wax of the ester type. Being an ester, it is alsodifferent from the parafiin hydrocarbons commercially known as waxes.Sperm oil is obtained from the head cavities and blubber of the cachelotor sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). Commercial sperm oils areobtained upon removing solid components from the crude sperm oil byrefrigeration and pressing. A commercial mixture of esters of sperm oilwhich can be used in the lubricating composition of the invention isknown as Methyl Sperm 40. Other commercially available mixtures ofesters of sperm oil which can be used as Sperm Methyl Esters, MethylSperm Ester and Mayco Methyl Ester 8-8.

Esters other than the methyl esters of the described acids can beemployed in the compositions of the invention. Although for convenience,the esters of the compositions of the invention are referred to asesters of the indicated alcohols and acids, as is customary in the art,it is not meant to imply that such esters are necessarily obtaineddirectly from the particular alcohol or acid.

Also for convenience, the conventional practice of referring to fattyacids as the acids of certain fats or oils, e.g., the lard or lard oilacids, is followed in the specification. It is recognized, however, thatstrictly speaking the natural fats and oils have little if any, contentof free acids but are composed principally of triglycerides of fattyacids. From such triglycerides the esters used in the composition of thepresent invention can be prepared by such procedures as hydrolysisfollowed by esterification of the resulting free acids, or more simplyby alcoholysis or ester-ester interchange with the triglycerides.

The esters disclosed herein are employed in an amount sufficient toimprove still further the lubricating characteristics. The exact amountof ester employed may vary with the severity of the lubricating servicesas well as with the particular ester and particular magnesium complexemployed. In general, however, the ester comprises about 0.5 to about 5percent by weight of the lubricating composition.

In producing a lubricant-gasoline mixture for a twocycle gasolineengine, the gasoline can be either a straightrun gasoline or a gasolineobtained from a conventional cracking process, or mixtures thereof. Thegasoline to which the lubricating composition is added, in accordancewith the invention, can also contain components obtained from processesother than cracking such as alkylation, isomerization, hydrogenation,Platforming, or combinations of two or more such processes, as well assynthetic gasoline obtained from the Fischer-Tropsch and relatedprocesses. The gasoline is preferably unleaded gasoline consistingpredominantly of saturated components. However, the lubricatingcomposition of the invention can also be utilized in a fuel for atwo-cycle engine wherein the gasoline contains an anti-knock agent, suchas tetraethyl lead, in amounts up to about 3 cc. or more per gallon ofgasoline. A gasoline which consists of at least about percent by volumeof saturated components and a total of not more than about 5 percent byvolume of aromatics and olefins is especially preferred. The ratio ofgasoline to oil varies according to the recommendations of enginemanufacturers. In general, however, the gasoline to oil volume ratio isbetween about 16:1 and about 40:1. It will be understood, of course,that amounts outside these ranges can also be employed.

In order to illustrate the improved results obtained with lubricatingcompositions of the invention, a number of comparative lubricating oilblends were prepared and tested by an approved test procedure employinga 50- 5 horsepower, 4-cylinder, outboard engine. According to this testprocedure, the engines are operated for an actual running time of 100hours unless mechanical failure is encountered. The engines are operatedfor four hours at wide open throttle followed by a shutdown for onehour.

The methyl sperm oil used in the lubricating compositions reportedhereinafter was Methyl Sperm Oil 40. The methyl oleate used was MethylOleate G. The magnesium complex used was Hybase M300. Typical propertiesof the magnesium complex and methyl sperm oil are as follows:

Properties Methyl Magnesium Sperm Oil Complex Gravity, AII 31. 3Specific Gravity, 60l60 F 0. 809 1. 070 Viscosity, SUS:

51. 4 At 210 F 34. 2 922 Flash Point, 00, F. 350 365 Fire Point, 00,F-.- 380 385 Pour Point, F +55 +35 Color, ASTM D 1500.. 1. 5 6. 5Sulfur, Perccnt 0.1 2.20 CtlOi1l1I1. 0.16 Magnesium. 7. 26 Total BaseNo., ASTM D-66 310 Suliated Ash, ASTM D810--.-- 37. 9

The fuel employed in the tests reported hereinafter in Table I was anunleaded Marine White gasoline containing the lubricating oilcomposition in a gasoline to oil volume ratio of 20 to 1. Typicalproperties of the unleaded gasoline are as follows:

Gravity: API 70.3 Sulfur, L; percent 0.02 Chemical evaluation, percent:

Olefins 0.9 Aromatics 2.8 Saturates 96.3 Knock rating Motor method 80.6Research method 81.3 Distillation, F.:

Over point 120 End point 320 At 10 160 At 50% 222 At 90% 248 The make-upof the comparative lubricating oil compositions and the results obtainedin the above-described approved test procedure are set forth in Table I.

TABLE I Composition, Percent By Volume A B C D E Paraffinic Oil (450 sUsat 100 F.) 75. 0 73. 0 74. 0 72. 0 72. 0 Bright Stock (2,572 80s at 100F.)

(155 SUS at 210 F.) 25. 0 25. 0 25. 0 25. 0 25. 0 Magnesium Complex. 1.01.0 1.0 Methyl Sperm 011.- 2. 0 2. 0 Methyl Olcate 2.0 Gasoline, OilRatio. :1 20:1 20:1 20:1 2011 Test Duration, I-Iours 100 100 1 60 100100 Test Results:

Average Piston Skirt Deposit Rating (10 Perfect) 3. 3 2.0 7.3 7.2Average Piston Ring Sticking Rating (10 Perfect):

Top Ring 6.0 6.0 10 9.0 Other Rings 7. 0 6. 0 10 10 1 Test terminatedbecause of failure of crankpin needle bearing.

As can be seen from the data in Table I, compositions of the invention,i.e., Compositions D and E, are surprisingly superior to the base oilalone and to the base oil con taining only one of the additives. It willbe noted, for example, that while Composition A which contained neitherthe magnesium complex nor the ester gave a test duration of 100 hours,the engine was dirty as evidenced by average piston skirt rating of 3.3and the top ring sticking rating of 6.0. When two percent of methylsperm oil was added to the base oil, as in Composition B, the base oilwas not improved, the test results showing a decrease in enginecleanliness over the base oil alone.

When one percent of the magnesium complex was added to the base oil, asin Composition C, the test had to be discontinued after only 60 hoursbecause of a crankpin needle bearing failure. Because of the bearingfailure when using Composition C, no comparable cleanliness data wasobtained. When the base oil contained both the magnesium complex and themethyl ester, as in Compositions D and E, the test duration was hours,and the piston skirts and piston rings were surprisingly clean, thepiston rings having an almost perfect rating.

Typical properties of Compositions A, B, C, D and E used in the testsdescribed hereinabove are shown in Table 11.

TABLE II Composition A B C D E Gravity, API 28.6 28.4 28 1 27.9 27.8Viscosity, SUS:

At 100 F 090 641 7 654 622 At 210F-. 74.0 72.4 74.8 72.9 71.6 ViscosityIndex. 98 101 98 101 102 Flash Point, OC,F 520 490 500 480 Fire Point,OC,F-- 570 545 555 Neutralization Value, AS

Total Acid No 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.1 0.7

Total Base No 0.1 0.1 3.8 3.8 2.5 Sulfated Residue, percent. 0.1 0.10.46 0.41 0.41 Magnesium, percent 0.08 0 08 0.08

In order to illustrate still further the utility of a lubricatingcomposition of the invention (Composition D reported above), one volumeof the composition was added to twenty volumes of a gasoline containing2.7 ml. of tetraethyl lead per gallon of gasoline. The fuel thusobtained was employed in a lo-horsepower, 2-cylinder, outboard engine.The test procedure employed was the Outboard Boating Club (0.13.0)Outboard Test Procedure. According to the 0.3.0. procedure, the engineis opearted for 100 hours of cyclic operation each cycle consisting of55 minutes at full throttle (4500 rpm.) and 5 minutes at an idling speed(600-850 r.p.m.). Durin the 5 minutes idle, there are 5 rapidaccelerations to As can be seen from the above data, the lubricationcomposition of the invention gives excellent engine cleanliness andfreedom from severe preignition with a minimum of spark plug failure andonly one instance of mild preignition even when using a leaded gasoline.

The lubricating composition of this invention can contain conventionallubricant additives, if desired, to improve other specific properties ofthe lubricant without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus,the lubrieating composition can contain a corrosion and rust inhibbitor,an extremen pressure agent, an antioxidant, an antifoamant, a metaldeactivator, a viscosity index improver, a dye, and the like. Whether ornot such additives are employed and the amounts thereof depend to alarge extent upon the severity of the conditions to which thecomposition is subjected and upon the stability of the lubricating oilbase in the first instance. When such conventional additives are usedthey are generally added in amounts between about 0.01 and 5 percent byweight based on the weight of the total composition.

While our invention has been described with reference to variousspecific examples and embodiments, it will be understood that theinvention is not limited to such examples and embodiments and may bevariously practiced within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

We claim:

1. A lubricating composition consisting essentially of a major amount ofa mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of about 600 to about 800SUS at 100 F.; about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of anoil-dispersible magnesium complex prepared by (a) reacting magnesiumwith an excess of an alkanol containing less than six carbon atoms toform an alkanol insoluble magnesium alkoxide, (b) forming an alkanolsoluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex by passing carbondioxide through the magnesium alkoxide-alkanol mixture until the same isacid to alpha-naphthol benzein indicator, reacting an excess of thealkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex with anoil-soluble organic sulfonate selected from the group consisting ofalkyl, alkaryl, naphthenyl, alkylnaphthenyl and napthenylaryl sulfonatesin a hydrocarbon oil reaction medium and in the presence of sufiicientwater to form a homogeneous system, and (d) condensing from saidhomogeneous system an oil insoluble magnesium compound in particles thediameter of which are less than 0.25 micron by heating said systemwhereby said alkanol is removed and said magnesium alkoxide-carbondioxide complex is decomposed to produce said oil-dispersible magnesiumcomplex having a total base number of about 100 to about 400; and about0.5 to about 5 percent by weight of an ester having from 12 to 30 carbonatoms in the molecule formed from an aliphatic monohydric alcohol havingfrom 1 to 18 carbon atoms and a fatty acid having from to 24 carbonatoms.

2. A lubricating composition consisting essentially of a major amount ofa mineral lubricating oil base comprising about 65 to about 85 percentby weight of a parafiinic mineral oil distillate having a viscosity ofabout 400 to about 500 SUS at 100 F. and about to about 35 percentweight of a bright stock having a viscosity of about 2500 to about 4500SUS at 100 F.; about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of anoil-dispersible magnesium complex prepared by (a) reacting magnesiumwith an excess of an alkanol containing less than six carbon atoms toform an alkanol isoluble magnesium alkoxide, (b) forming an alkanolsoluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex by passing carbondioxide through the magnesium alkoxide-alkanol mixture until the same isacid to alpha-naphthol benzein indicator, (c) reacting an excess of thealkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex with anoil-soluble organic sulfonate selected from the group consisting ofalkyl, alkaryl, naphthenyl, alkylnaphthenyl and naphthenyl sulfonates ina hydrocarbon oil reaction medium and in the presence of sufiicientwater to form a homogeneous system, and (d) condensing from saidhomogeneous system an oil insoluble magnesium compound in particles thediameter of which are less than 0.25 micron by heating said systemwhereby said alkanol is removed and said magnesium alkoxide-carbondioxide complex is decomposed to produce said oil-dispersible magnesiumcomplex having a total base number of about 250 to about 350; and about0.5 to about 5 percent by weight of methyl oleate.

3. A lubricating composition consisting essentially of a major amount ofa mineral lubricating oil base comprising aobut 65 to about 85 percentby weight of a paraflinic mineral oil distillate having a viscosity ofabout 400 to about 500 SUS at 100 F. and about 15 to about 35 percent byweight of a bright stock having a viscosity of about 2500 to about 4500SUS at 100 F.; about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of anoil-dispersible magnesium complex prepared by (a) reacting magnesiumwith an excess of an alkanol containing less than six carbon atoms toform an alkanol insoluble magnesium alkoxide, (b) forming an alkanolsoluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex by passing carbondioxide through the magnesium alkoxide-alkanol mixture until the same isacid to alpha-naphthol benzein indicator, (c) reacting an excess of thealkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex with anoil-soluble organic sulfonate selected from the group consisting ofalkyl, alkaryl, naphthenyl, alkylnaphthenyl and naphthenylarylsulfonates in a hydrocarbon oil reaction medium and in the presence ofsutficient water to form a homogeneous system, and (d) condensing fromsaid homogeneous system an oil insoluble magnesium compound in particlesthe diameter of which are less than 0.25 micron by heating said systemwhereby said alkanol is removed and said magnesium alkoxide-carbondioxide complex is decomposed to produce said oil-dispersible magnesiumcomplex having a total base number of about 250 to about 350; and about0.5 to about 5 percent by weight of methyl sperm oil.

4. A lubricant-gasoline mixture for a two-cycle gasoline engineconsisting essentially of a major proportion of a gasoline motor fueland a minor proportion of a lubricant consisting essentially of a majoramount of a mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of about 600 toabout 800 SUS at 100 F.; about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of anoil-dispersible magnesium complex prepared by (a) reacting magnesiumwith an excess of an alkanol containing less than six carbon atoms toform an alkanol insoluble magnesium alkoxide, (b) forming an alkanolsoluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex by passing carbondioxide through the magnesium alkoxide-alkanol mixture until the same isacid to alpha-naphthanol benzein indicator, (c) reacting an excess ofthe alkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex with anoil-soluble organic sulfonate selected from the group consisting ofalkyl, alkaryl, naphthenyl, alkylnaphthenyl and naphthenylarylsulfonates in a hydrocarbon oil reaction medium and in the presence ofsufiicient water to form a homogeneous system, and (d) condensing fromsaid homogeneous system an oil insoluble magnesium compound in particlesthe diameter of which are less than 0.25 micron by heating said systemwhereby said alkanol is removed and said magnesium alkoxide-carbondioxide complex is decomposed to produce said oil-dispersible magnesiumcomplex having a total base number of about 100 to about 400; and about0.5 to about 5 percent by weight of an ester having from 12 to 30 carbonatoms in the molecule formed from an aliphatic monohydric alcohol havingfrom 1 to 18 carbon atoms and a fatty acid having from 10 to 24 carbonatoms, wherein the gasoline to oil volume ratio is between about 16:1and about 40:1.

5. A lubricant-gasoline mixture for a two-cycle gasoline engineconsisting essentially of a major proportion of a gasoline motor fueland a minor proportion of a lubricant consisting essentially of a majoramount of a mineral lubricating oil base comprising about 65 to aboutpercent by weight of a parafiinic mineral oil distillate having aviscosity of about 400 to about 500 SUS at F. and about 15 to about 35percent by weight of a bright stock having a viscosity of about 2500 toabout 4500 SUS at 100 F.; about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of anoil-dispersible magnesium complex prepared by (a) reacting magnesiumwith an excess of an alkanol containing less than six carbon atoms toform an alkanol insoluble magnesium alkoxide, (b) forming an alkanolsoluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex by passing carbondioxide through the magnesium alkoxidealkanol mixture until the same'isacid to alpha-naphthol benzein indicator, '(c) reacting an excess of thealkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex with anoil-soluble organic sulfonate selected from the group consisting ofalkyl, alkaryl, naphthenyl, alkylnaphthenyl and naphthenylarylsulfonates in a hydrocarbon oil reaction medium and in the presence ofsufficient water to form an homogeneous system, and (d) condensing fromsaid homogeneous system an oil insoluble magnesium compound in particlesthe diameter of which are less than 0.25 micron by heating said systemwhereby said alkanol is removed and said magnesium alkoxide-carbondioxide complex is decomposed to produce said oil-dispersible magnesiumcomplex having a total base number of about 250 to about 350; and about0.5 to about percent by weight of methyl oleate, wherein the gasoline tooil volume ratio is between about 16:1 and about 40:1.

6. A lubricant-gasoline mixture for a two-cycle gasoline engineconsisting essentially of a major proportion of a gasoline motor fueland a minor proportion of a lubricant consisting essentially of a majoramount of a mineral lubricating oil base comprising about 65 to about 85percent by weight of a paraflinic mineral oil distillate having aviscosity of about 400 to about 500 SUS at 100 F. and about to about 35percent by weight of a bright stock having a viscosity of about 2500 toabout 4500 SUS at 100 F.; about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of anoil-dispersible magnesium complex prepared by (a) reacting magnesiumwith an excess of an alkan'ol con taining less than six carbon atoms toform an alkanol insoluble magnesium alkoxide, (b) forming an alkanolsoluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex by passing carbondioxide through the magnesium alkoxide- -alkanol mixture until the sameis acid to alpha-naphthol benzein indicator, (-0) reacting an excess ofthe alkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex with anoil-soluble organic sulfonate selected from the group consisting ofalkyl, alkaryl, naphthenyl, alkylnaphthenyl and naphthenylarylsulfonates in a hydrocarbon oil reaction medium and in the presence ofsufiicient water to form a homogeneous system, and (c) condensing fromsaid homogeneous system an oil insoluble magnesium compound in particlesthe diameter of which are less than 0.25 micron by heating said systemwhereby said alkanol is removed and said magnesium alkoxide-carbondioxide complex is decomposed to produce said oil-dispersible magnesiumcomplex having a total base number of about 250 to about 350; and about0.5 to about 5 percent by weight of methyl sperm oil, wherein thegasoline to oil Volume ratio is between about 16:1 and about 40:1.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,236,590 4/1941Backoff et a1. 4458 2,672,450 3/1954 Pearsall 4458 2,789,891 4/1957Brandes et al. 4458 2,895,913 7/1959 Carlyle et al. 25233 FOREIGNPATENTS 843,169 8/ 1960 Great Britain.

DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.

1. A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MAJOR AMOUNT OFA MINERAL LUBRICATING OIL HAVING A VISCOSITY OF ABOUT 600 TO ABOUT 800SUS AT 100*F.; ABOUT 0.5 TO ABOUT 3 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ANOIL-DISPERSIBLE MAGNESIUM COMPLEX PREPARED BY (A) REACTING MAGNESIUMWITH AN EXCESS OF AN ALKANOL CONTAINING LESS THAN SIX CARBON ATOMS TOFORM AN ALKANOL INSOLUBLE MANGESIUM ALKOXYIDE, (B) FORMING AN ALKANOLSOLUBLE MAGNESIUM ALKOXIDE-CARBON DIOXIDE COMPLEX BY PASSING CARBONDIOXIDE THROUGH THE MAGNESIUMALKOXIDE-ALKANOL MIXTURE UNTIL THE SAME ISACID TO ALPHA-NAPHTHOL BENZEIN INDICATOR, (C) REACTING AN EXCESS OF THEALKANOL SOLUBLE MAGNESIUM ALKOXIDE-CARBON DIOXIDE COMPLEX WITH ANOIL-SOLUBLE ORGANIC SULFONATE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OFALKYL, ALKARYL, NAPHTHENYL, ALKYLNAPHTHENYL AND NAPTHENYLARYL SULFONATESIN A HYDROCARBON OIL REACTON MEDIUM AND IN THE PRESENCE OF SUFFICIENTWATER TO FORM A HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEM, AND (D) CONDENSING FROM SAIDHOMOGENEOUS SYSTEM AN OIL INSOLUBLE MAGNESIUM COMPOUND IN PARTICLES THEDIAMETER OF WHICH ARE LESS THAN 0.25 MICRON BY HEATING SAID SYSTEMWHEREBY SAID ALKANOL RE REMOVED AND SID MAGNESIUM ALKOXIDE-CARBONDIOXIDE COMPLEX IS DECOMPOSED TO PRODUCE SAID OIL-DISPERSIBLE MAGNESIUMCOMPLEX HAVING A TOTAL BASE NUMBER OF ABOUT 100 TOABOUT 400; AND ABOUT0.5 TO ABOUT 5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AN ESTER HAVING FROM 12 TO 30 CARBONATOMS IN THE MOLECULE FORMED FROM AN ALIPHATIC MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOL HAVINGFROM 1 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS AND A FATTY ACID HAVING FROM 10 TO 24 CARBONATOMS.